A cosmological billiard : a new explanation for gamma ray bursts
1er avril 2006
Gamma ray bursts are the most powerful events in the Universe. They are commonly believed to result from the death of a massive star. By scrutinizing the residuals of such an explosion, a French Swiss team has discovered that gamma ray bursts occur several 1000s of light years away from regions containing large amounts of massive stars. To explain this, they have assumed that the GRB progenitor star had travelled through the galactic medium for few millions years after being expelled from a dense stellar cluster, like a ball ejected from a billiards table.
The origin of the gamma ray bursts is one of the most challenging questions of the 21st century. Although proven to be related to cosmological events, they are so powerful that, until 1973, they were formerly interpreted as resulting from nuclear bomb test on earth !
GRB-f1.jpg Figure 1 : Hubble Space Telescope image (made in 2001) of the ESO-184-G82 galaxy where a gamma ray burst occurs in 1998. The picture shows the location of the residual of the associated supernova that exploded 3000 light-years away from the massive star region. Click on the image to enlarge it
Two scenarios for an unique explosion
A gamma ray burst phenomenon indicate the death of a star which has mass from 30 to 100 times that of our Sun. This death is accompanied by the star collapse, and the emission of a considerable energy. This is a rare and spectacular event since it occurs approximately for only 1 massive star among 10000. One scenario assumes an extremely fast rotating star losing its envelope and then collapsing with the emission of a high energetic short burst. A second scenario supports a fusion between a star and its companion to be responsible of that burst. These two scenarios are still debated. They are however supported by the recent discovery of supernova which seem to be systematically associated to the gamma ray bursts.
Gamma ray bursts are always offset from massive star regions
By scrutinizing the residuals of a 1998 gamma ray burst in the galaxy ESO-184-G82, the French Swiss team has noticed the nearby presence of very numerous massive stars in the host galaxy. These stars, namely Wolf-Rayet stars, or WR (from the names of two astroomers from Paris Observatory), are well known to be often fast rotating and generally end their life in a supernova explosion. They have been often considered as being ideal to be progenitors of gamma ray bursts. Surprisingly, the gamma ray burst had occurred 3000 light-years off the compact star clusters including the massive stars (Figure 1). This unexpected offset has been confirmed by examination of other cases for which the team had images of sufficient quality. How can this be understood ?
Strong interactions between massive stars
The French Swiss team has found a natural explanation for explaining those puzzling properties. Massive stars are subjected to strong interactions within the core of massive stellar super clusters. Some of them can be kicked out after such events, such as a ball in a billiards game. Then having acquired large angular momentum the runaway star travel for few millions years, lose its envelope before exploding as a supernova and with a gamma ray burst. Its rapid rotation favors an emission of energy (and gamma rays) strongly dissymmetric.
Solving the enigma of gamma ray burst
Such unusual encountering between massive stars would easily account for the rarity of massive stars that end their life in a gamma ray burst. This brings a new contribution to the understanding of the origin of gamma ray bursts, which are among the most fascinating and brightest sources of the Universe.
(1) The team consists of François Hammer, Hector Flores, Emeric Le Fl’och and Mathieu Puech for l’Observatoire de Paris (GEPI) and Daniel Schaerer and Miroslava Dessauges for l’Observatoire de l’Université de Genève See also the Press Release de l’Observatoire de Genève
Reference Article 2006, Astronomy & Astrophysics in press "Detection of Wolf-Rayet stars in host galaxies of Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) : are GRBs produced by runaway massive stars ejected from high stellar density regions ?" F. Hammer, H. Flores, D. Schaerer, M : Dessauges-Zawadsky, E : Le Fl’och, M. Puech
Contact François Hammer (Observatoire de Paris, GEPI) Hector Flores (Observatoire de Paris, GEPI)
Dernière modification le 4 mars 2013
Dans la même rubrique
- VIRTIS dévoile la température de surface de Vénus
- Les planètes se forment-elles autour des étoiles naines ?
- Do planets form around small stars ?
- Les planètes se forment-elles autour des étoiles naines ?
- Do planets form around small stars ?
- Les étoiles Be : des rotateurs rapides dès leur naissance !
- The Be stars : fast rotators since their birth !
- Les étoiles Be : des rotateurs rapides dès leur naissance !
- The Be stars : fast rotators since their birth !
- Une planète géante baignant dans la magnétosphère de son étoile
- A giant planet embedded in the magnetosphere of its star
- Une planète géante baignant dans la magnétosphère de son étoile
- A giant planet embedded in the magnetosphere of its star
- L’histoire différente des galaxies naines voisines de la Voie Lactée
- The Milky Way’s neighbouring galaxies have a different history
- L’histoire différente des galaxies naines voisines de la Voie Lactée
- The Milky Way’s neighbouring galaxies have a different history
- Chlorophylle et ozone au clair de la Terre
- Chlorophyll and ozone in the Earthshine
- Chlorophylle et ozone au clair de la Terre
- Chlorophyll and ozone in the Earthshine
- Une nouvelle catégorie de régions H II dans les Nuages de Magellan
- A New Class of Compact H II regions in the Magellanic Clouds
- Une nouvelle catégorie de régions H II dans les Nuages de Magellan
- A New Class of Compact H II regions in the Magellanic Clouds
- 25-26 Octobre 2006 : Lancement de la mission STEREO
- October 25-26, 2006 : Launching of STEREO mission
- La galaxie d’Andromède, victime d’une collision frontale
- Smoking gun evidence of a head-on collision for Andromeda
- La galaxie d’Andromède, victime d’une collision frontale
- Smoking gun evidence of a head-on collision for Andromeda
- Abondances primitives de C, N , et... les problèmes de mélange à l’intérieur des étoiles
- Pristine abundances of C, N, and... mixing issues in the stellar interiors
- Abondances primitives de C, N , et... les problèmes de mélange à l’intérieur des étoiles
- Pristine abundances of C, N, and... mixing issues in the stellar interiors
- Première détection de petits objets de Kuiper par occultations stellaires
- First detection of small Kuiper objects by stellar occultations
- Première détection de petits objets de Kuiper par occultations stellaires
- First detection of small Kuiper objects by stellar occultations
- Can violent collisions shape circumstellar disks ?
- Des collisions violentes peuvent-elles structurer les disques circumstellaires ?
- Les causes naturelles et anthropiques de la variabilité du méthane atmosphérique
- Contribution of anthropogenic and natural sources to atmospheric methane variability
- Les causes naturelles et anthropiques de la variabilité du méthane atmosphérique
- Contribution of anthropogenic and natural sources to atmospheric methane variability
- Can violent collisions shape circumstellar disks ?
- Des collisions violentes peuvent-elles structurer les disques circumstellaires ?
- La dernière ligne droite pour le satellite CoRoT
- The last straight line for the CoRoT satellite
- La dernière ligne droite pour le satellite CoRoT
- The last straight line for the CoRoT satellite
- Nouvelles contraintes sur l’inflation apportées par WMAP
- New Constraints on Inflation from the WMAP data
- Des boucles dans le mouvement du pôle ... de la taille d’un téléphone portable !
- Un nouveau concept pour la reconnexion magnétique
- A new concept for magnetic reconnexion
- Un nouveau concept pour la reconnexion magnétique
- A new concept for magnetic reconnexion
- Nouvelles contraintes sur l’inflation apportées par WMAP
- New Constraints on Inflation from the WMAP data
- The extended rotation curve of Messier 31
- Extension de la courbe de rotation de Messier 31
- L’origine diverse des galaxies naines révélée par les simulations numériques
- The various origin of dwarf galaxies revealed by numerical simulations
- L’origine diverse des galaxies naines révélée par les simulations numériques
- The various origin of dwarf galaxies revealed by numerical simulations
- The extended rotation curve of Messier 31
- Extension de la courbe de rotation de Messier 31
- Sand dunes discovered on Titan by Cassini radar
- Des dunes de sable sur Titan découvertes par le radar de Cassini
- Sand dunes discovered on Titan by Cassini radar
- Des dunes de sable sur Titan découvertes par le radar de Cassini
- Un mystérieux émetteur cosmique de rayons X révèle sa nature magnétique
- The magnetic nature of a mysterious naked-eye cosmic X-ray emitter
- Un mystérieux émetteur cosmique de rayons X révèle sa nature magnétique
- The magnetic nature of a mysterious naked-eye cosmic X-ray emitter
- Les astronomes observent nos origines dans l’explosion d’une étoile survenue il y a 20 ans
- Astronomers see our origins in 20-year-old star explosion
- Les astronomes observent nos origines dans l’explosion d’une étoile survenue il y a 20 ans
- Astronomers see our origins in 20-year-old star explosion
- Véga : l’étoile à comètes ?
- Vega : the star with comets ?
- Insertion in orbit of Venus Express on 11 April 2006, and first images of Venus south pole
- Insertion en orbite de Venus Express le 11 Avril 2006, et premières images du pole sud
- Véga : l’étoile à comètes ?
- Vega : the star with comets ?
- Insertion in orbit of Venus Express on 11 April 2006, and first images of Venus south pole
- Insertion en orbite de Venus Express le 11 Avril 2006, et premières images du pole sud
- A cosmological billiard : a new explanation for gamma ray bursts
- Un billard cosmologique : une nouvelle hypothèse pour l’origine des sursauts gamma
- Does the asteroid Vesta possess a magnetic field ?
- L’astéroïde Vesta a-t-il un champ magnétique ?
- Does the asteroid Vesta possess a magnetic field ?
- L’astéroïde Vesta a-t-il un champ magnétique ?
- La danse cosmique des galaxies distantes
- Des horloges encore plus exactes
- Still more accurate clocks
- Des horloges encore plus exactes
- Still more accurate clocks
- Trojan asteroid Patroclus and its companion Menoetius : Comets in disguise ?
- Patroclus et son compagnon Ménœtius:des troyens faits de glace d’eau ?
- Cosmic-ray accelerator in the Galactic Center
- Un accélérateur de particules au centre de notre Galaxie
- Trojan asteroid Patroclus and its companion Menoetius : Comets in disguise ?
- Patroclus et son compagnon Ménœtius:des troyens faits de glace d’eau ?
- Cosmic-ray accelerator in the Galactic Center
- Un accélérateur de particules au centre de notre Galaxie
- Cinématique perturbée des galaxies spirales de l’amas de la Vierge
- Disturbed kinematics of Virgo cluster spiral galaxies
- The first ’OHANA fringes with the Keck telescopes Towards kilometric arrays of telescopes in the near-infrared
- Les premières franges ’OHANA entre les deux télescopes KECK Vers un interféromètre infra-rouge à base kilométrique
- Cinématique perturbée des galaxies spirales de l’amas de la Vierge
- Disturbed kinematics of Virgo cluster spiral galaxies
- The first ’OHANA fringes with the Keck telescopes Towards kilometric arrays of telescopes in the near-infrared
- Les premières franges ’OHANA entre les deux télescopes KECK Vers un interféromètre infra-rouge à base kilométrique
- 25-26 Octobre 2006 : Lancement de la mission STEREO
- October 25-26, 2006 : Launching of STEREO mission

